Different Renal Chronotoxicity of Bromobenzene and Its Intermediate Metabolites in Mice

Bromobenzene (BB) is known to pose a serious threat human health. We previously demonstrated that BB showed chronotoxicity, is, daily fluctuations in the severity of hepatotoxicity induced mice. Although mild nephrotoxicity, fluctuation was not observed this toxicity. This might be attributed fact BB-induced chronotoxicity only liver and kidneys damage caused by prominent liver, masking nephrotoxicity. To confirm these two possibilities, we examined nephrotoxicity due intermediate metabolites target kidneys: 3-bromophenol, bromohydroquinone, 4-bromocatechol. Mice were injected with or 4-bromocatechol intraperitoneally at six different time points day (zeitgeber (ZT): ZT2, ZT6, ZT10, ZT14, ZT18, ZT22). Mortality monitored for 7 d post-injection. more sensitive acute toxicity around ZT14 (dark-phase) exposure than ZT2 (light-phase) exposure. Furthermore, mice administered non-lethal dose significant increases levels plasma blood urea nitrogen renal malondialdehyde Moreover, glutathione peroxidase-4, ferroptosis indicator, attenuated These results indicate higher during dark-phase exposure, demonstrate reason why diurnal variation our previous report masked severe hepatic damage.